Orthodontics has advanced greatly during the past ten years. Innovations such as "direct bonding" and ceramic braces make braces more comfortable and less unsightly. A complete set of braces is not always necessary. Sometimes the doctor may suggest the use of a retainer, a spacer, headgear, or simple appliances to correct an early orthodontic problem. A complete set of braces is usually necessary when a child reaches 11 or 12 years of age, if there is a malocclusion (bad bite).